UK CPI inflation unexpectedly cools to 2.5% YoY in December vs. 2.7% forecast

• United Kingdom's annual CPI rose 2.5% in December vs. 2.7% estimate.
• British inflation advanced to 0.3% MoM in December vs. 0.4% forecast.
• GBP/USD drops below 1.2200 after UK CPI inflation data.

The United Kingdom (UK) Consumer Price Index (CPI) rose 2.5% year-over-year (YoY) in December after increasing by 2.6% in November, the data released by the Office for National Statistics (ONS) showed Wednesday. 

The market forecast was for a 2.7% growth in the reported period. The reading remained above the Bank of England’s (BoE) 2% target.

The annual core CPI (excluding volatile food and energy items) accelerated by 3.2% in the same period, compared to a 3.5% rise in November while missing the market expectations of 3.4%. 

Services inflation dropped sharply to 4.4% YoY in December versus 5% in November.

Meanwhile, the monthly UK CPI inflation climbed to 0.3% in December from 0.1% in November. Markets estimated a 0.4% print.

GBP/USD reaction to the UK CPI inflation data

The UK CPI data serve a negative impact on the Pound Sterling, dragging GBP/USD 0.24% lower on the day to near 1.2185, as of writing.

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This section below was published at 03:15 GMT as a preview of the UK Consumer Price Index (CPI) inflation data.

• United Kingdom’s Office for National Statistics will release the December CPI data on Wednesday.
• The annual UK headline CPI inflation is set to rise in December, with the core figure cooling slightly.
• The UK CPI report will likely rock the Pound Sterling amid the BoE’s cautious policy approach.

The United Kingdom’s (UK) Office for National Statistics (ONS) will release the high-impact Consumer Price Index (CPI) data for December on Wednesday at 07:00 GMT.

The UK CPI inflation report could significantly impact the direction of the Bank of England’s (BoE) interest rates and the Pound Sterling (GBP) amid the persistent turmoil in the global bond market.

What to expect from the next UK inflation report?

The UK Consumer Price Index is expected to increase 2.7% year-over-year (YoY) in December, following a 2.6% growth in November, moving further away from the BoE’s 2.0% target.

Core CPI inflation, which excludes energy, food, alcohol and tobacco, will likely edge a tad lower to 3.4% YoY in December, compared to the 3.5% print reported in November.

According to a Bloomberg survey of economists, official data is expected to show that service inflation fell to 4.8% in December after remaining at 5% in the prior month.

The BoE forecast the annual headline CPI to be 2.5% and the services CPI to be 4.7% for December.

Meanwhile, the British monthly CPI is seen rising 0.4% in the same period, as against the previous growth of 0.1%.

Previewing the UK inflation data, TD Securities analysts noted: “We look for the headline of 2.7% but the more important core and services are likely to see decelerations, especially services, which we expect to fall from 5.0% YoY in November. That said, there remains big uncertainty about airfares, which were likely very weak in the month on account of the survey data.” 

How will the UK Consumer Price Index report affect GBP/USD?

The BoE policymakers wrapped up 2024 with a decision to leave the benchmark policy rate unchanged at 4.75% in its December meeting after UK inflation climbed to an eight-month high.

In a dovish tilt, the voting composition was more divided than expected. Three members of the Monetary Policy Committee (MPC) voted to reduce rates, while six favoured a hold. Amidst weak economic prospects, BoE Governor Andrew Bailey said: “We think a gradual approach to future interest-rate cuts remains right. But with heightened uncertainty in the economy, we can’t commit to when or by how much we will cut rates in the coming year.”

The ongoing rout in the UK bond market indicates the bleak economic outlook and increased inflationary concerns in the United States (US) President-elect Donald Trump 2.0 era.

In light of these factors, the stakes are high heading into the December UK CPI data release, as it could alter the market’s pricing of the BoE’s path forward on interest rates.

The hotter-than-expected headline and core inflation data will likely reaffirm the BoE’s gradual easing stance, providing the much-needed respite to the Pound Sterling. In this case, GBP/USD could see a decent recovery from over a year’s low. Conversely, softer-than-expected inflation readings could call for aggressive BoE rate cuts amid a fragile economic situation, smashing the GBP/USD toward sub-1.2000 levels.

Dhwani Mehta, Asian Session Lead Analyst at FXStreet, offers a brief technical outlook for the major and explains: “GBP/USD is heavily oversold on the daily time frame ahead of the UK CPI data release, with the 14-day Relative Strength Index (RSI) holding below 30. Therefore, the pair appears primed for a brief recovery in the near term.”

Dhwani adds: “The pair could initiate a meaningful recovery on acceptance above the 1.2300 round level, above which the January 9 high of 1.2367 will be tested. The next upside target is seen at the  21-day Simple Moving Average (SMA) at 1.2462. On the flip side, the immediate support is seen at the 14-month low of 1.2100, below which the 1.2050 psychological barrier will come into play.”