Australian Dollar closes the week with losses, RBA hawkish stance limits downside

AUD/USD registered a significant drop on Friday, slipping below 0.6700.
Employment data continues to shape possible RBA and Federal Reserve decisions.
The Aussie’s downside is limited by the hawkish RBA stance which hasn’t shown signs of embracing cuts.

In Friday's session, The Australian Dollar (AUD) saw considerable losses against the USD, falling by 0.30% to 0.6690. This slump in the AUD/USD exchange rate is mostly due to the strengthening of the US Dollar (USD) amid increased aversion to risk. However, higher-than-expected Employment Change figures from Australia, indicating a tight labor market, could curb the AUD's downside by raising concerns over a potential interest rate hike from the Reserve Bank of Australia (RBA) and hence limit the pair’s downside.

Despite some signs of fragility in the Australian economy, persistently high inflation is prompting the RBA to delay rate cuts, potentially limiting any further decline in the AUD. The RBA remains among the last central banks within the G10 countries expected to begin rate cuts, a commitment that could bolster the AUD's position.

Daily digest market movers: Aussie struggles as markets assess employment figures

On a quiet Friday, markets continue to digest Thursday’s employment figures from Australia which came in mixed.
It was announced a substantial 50.2K increase in employment changes, soaring beyond earlier market forecasts of 20K and May's 39.5K record.
On the negative side, the Unemployment Rate rose marginally from 4.0% to 4.1%, which might provide some relief to the RBA's hawkish stance.
The market currently predicts roughly a 50% chance of the RBA hiking either in September or November.
Conversely, the chance of the Federal Reserve implementing a rate cut in September stands at approximately 90% according to the CME FedWatch tool.

AUD/USD Technical analysis: AUD/USD falls and concedes the 20-day SMA

After early July's sharp gains, technical indicators such as the Relative Strength Index (RSI) and the Moving Average Convergence Divergence (MACD) have signaled weakening momentum, suggesting the pair has entered a correction period. On Friday, the pair gave up the crucial support of the 20-day Simple Moving Average (SMA) at 0.6700 which should flash some concerns to trades.

It appears the pair may fluctuate between the 0.6650-0.6780 range in the following sessions as the market adjusts.

Central banks FAQs

What does a central bank do?

Central Banks have a key mandate which is making sure that there is price stability in a country or region. Economies are constantly facing inflation or deflation when prices for certain goods and services are fluctuating. Constant rising prices for the same goods means inflation, constant lowered prices for the same goods means deflation. It is the task of the central bank to keep the demand in line by tweaking its policy rate. For the biggest central banks like the US Federal Reserve (Fed), the European Central Bank (ECB) or the Bank of England (BoE), the mandate is to keep inflation close to 2%.

What does a central bank do when inflation undershoots or overshoots its projected target?

A central bank has one important tool at its disposal to get inflation higher or lower, and that is by tweaking its benchmark policy rate, commonly known as interest rate. On pre-communicated moments, the central bank will issue a statement with its policy rate and provide additional reasoning on why it is either remaining or changing (cutting or hiking) it. Local banks will adjust their savings and lending rates accordingly, which in turn will make it either harder or easier for people to earn on their savings or for companies to take out loans and make investments in their businesses. When the central bank hikes interest rates substantially, this is called monetary tightening. When it is cutting its benchmark rate, it is called monetary easing.

Who decides on monetary policy and interest rates?

A central bank is often politically independent. Members of the central bank policy board are passing through a series of panels and hearings before being appointed to a policy board seat. Each member in that board often has a certain conviction on how the central bank should control inflation and the subsequent monetary policy. Members that want a very loose monetary policy, with low rates and cheap lending, to boost the economy substantially while being content to see inflation slightly above 2%, are called ‘doves’. Members that rather want to see higher rates to reward savings and want to keep a lit on inflation at all time are called ‘hawks’ and will not rest until inflation is at or just below 2%.

Is there a president or head of a central bank?

Normally, there is a chairman or president who leads each meeting, needs to create a consensus between the hawks or doves and has his or her final say when it would come down to a vote split to avoid a 50-50 tie on whether the current policy should be adjusted. The chairman will deliver speeches which often can be followed live, where the current monetary stance and outlook is being communicated. A central bank will try to push forward its monetary policy without triggering violent swings in rates, equities, or its currency. All members of the central bank will channel their stance toward the markets in advance of a policy meeting event. A few days before a policy meeting takes place until the new policy has been communicated, members are forbidden to talk publicly. This is called the blackout period.

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