Disappointing growth signals continued to put downward pressure on global rates through September. Throughout the month, the curve has steepened in most areas, aligning with the historical patterns we typically observe during monetary policy easing. We expect that the decline in short-end rates will persist as the ECB/Fed softens their policy stance, while we expect the long end to rise. This 'twist' steepening of the curve (lower short-term/higher long-term rates) was evident throughout September, where an aggressive start to the Fed's easing strengthened beliefs in a soft landing. We assess that this rate dynamic will be prevalent over the next year
US 'jumbo' cut bolsters belief in a soft landing
In mid-September, the Fed executed its first major policy easing, initiating a significant rate cut of 50bp. This move reinforced market confidence that US monetary policy is now being calibrated towards sustaining a robust economy and less towards curbing inflation pressures. The belief in a soft landing for the US economy has thus been strengthened, although it is still too early to determine whether this shift in monetary policy direction has come too late. Historically, the labour market softening we are currently witnessing often transitions into more severe weakening shortly thereafter. This risk remains, despite the recent rate reductions.
Arguments for policy restrictiveness weaken in the Eurozone
As anticipated, the ECB delivered its second rate cut in September. Today, the deposit rate stands at 3.5%, which is 50bp lower than the level at the first rate cut back in June. However, monetary policy in the eurozone remains quite restrictive, and with the current pace of rate cuts (25bp per quarter), it is likely to remain so for some time. Nonetheless, data since the start of the summer has challenged the notion that the ECB can continually pursue a gradual normalisation of monetary policy. Growth indicators (PMI) have significantly weakened since May, and the underlying inflation pressure now clearly appears to be diminishing. In particular, the drop in domestically generated inflation (mainly services) is crucial, as this has been where the ECB has previously justified its caution in easing policy. In light of the soft growth and inflation data from September, we have factored in another 25bp cut from the ECB in October. We expect the deposit rate to be lowered by a total of 1.5 percentage points by the end of 2025. Thus, the policy - as in the US - will by then be close to the central bank's assessment of the 'neutral' rate level. However, the question remains whether this will be sufficient.
A neutral policy stance may prove inadequate
The ongoing weakening of economic signals from the eurozone has initiated discussions on whether it is sufficient for the ECB simply to return policy to a neutral stance. Doubts have surfaced in the market, and as a result, the EUR forward curve factors in that the deposit rate will bottom out at 1.75% next year. This indicates, in our view, that the market has accounted for a significant probability that the policy will shift to being accommodative over the next year as growth continues to disappoint. Our baseline assumption remains that a soft landing can be achieved with a gradual normalisation of policy, and we expect growth indicators to improve soon. However, the risk has admittedly increased significantly that policy rates may need to be lowered more quickly and to a lower level than we currently pencil in our main scenario.
This publication has been prepared by Danske Bank for information purposes only. It is not an offer or solicitation of any offer to purchase or sell any financial instrument. Whilst reasonable care has been taken to ensure that its contents are not untrue or misleading, no representation is made as to its accuracy or completeness and no liability is accepted for any loss arising from reliance on it. Danske Bank, its affiliates or staff, may perform services for, solicit business from, hold long or short positions in, or otherwise be interested in the investments (including derivatives), of any issuer mentioned herein. Danske Bank's research analysts are not permitted to invest in securities under coverage in their research sector.
This publication is not intended for private customers in the UK or any person in the US. Danske Bank A/S is regulated by the FSA for the conduct of designated investment business in the UK and is a member of the London Stock Exchange.
Copyright () Danske Bank A/S. All rights reserved. This publication is protected by copyright and may not be reproduced in whole or in part without permission.
Recommended Content
Editors’ Picks

AUD/USD plummets to 0.6250, two-day lows
AUD/USD now retreats from the area of daily highs north of 0.6300 the figure and revisits the mid-0.6200s as investors continue to digest Trump's announcements on "Liberation Day".

EUR/USD loses the grip and retests 1.0800
The US Dollar is now picking up further pace and sends EUR/USD back to the 1.0800 neighbourhood following President Trump's announcements of reciprocal tariffs on Wednesday.

Gold remains well bid near $3,140 post-Trump tariffs
Gold maintains its bullish stance well in place and trade near its record highs in the wake of President Trump's announcement of reciprocal tariffs. In addition, declining US yields also collaborate with the metal's bounce.

Grayscale launches Bitcoin options ETF with a focus on income generation
In a press release on Wednesday, Grayscale announced the launch of Bitcoin options-based ETFs, the Grayscale Bitcoin Covered Call ETF (BTCC) and Grayscale Bitcoin Premium Income ETF (BPI).

Trump’s “Liberation Day” tariffs on the way
United States (US) President Donald Trump’s self-styled “Liberation Day” has finally arrived. After four straight failures to kick off Donald Trump’s “day one” tariffs that were supposed to be implemented when President Trump assumed office 72 days ago, Trump’s team is slated to finally unveil a sweeping, lopsided package of “reciprocal” tariffs.

The Best brokers to trade EUR/USD
SPONSORED Discover the top brokers for trading EUR/USD in 2025. Our list features brokers with competitive spreads, fast execution, and powerful platforms. Whether you're a beginner or an expert, find the right partner to navigate the dynamic Forex market.