- Tepid United States employment-related data backed the case for a 25 bps interest rate cut.
- The European Central Bank is expected to cut benchmark rates by 25 bps each.
- EUR/USD gave up after peaking at 1.1154, bears gain confidence.
The EUR/USD pair changed course after extending its slide to 1.1025, finding some positive footing mid-week to settle near 1.1100 after peaking at 1.1154 on Friday.
The focus remained on macroeconomic data that could affect the upcoming central banks’ monetary policy decisions. In the Eurozone, news gyrated around growth-related figures, while in the US, investors kept an eye on updates about the labor market.
Tepid European progress ahead of the ECB
Slow EU economic progress kept limiting the Euro’s strength. The manufacturing sector saw modest progress in August, as the Hamburg Commercial Bank (HBOC) upwardly revised the Manufacturing Purchasing Managers Index (PMI) for the region but resulted at 45.8, still indicating economic contraction. The Services PMI, on the other hand, was downwardly revised to 52.9, resulting in a Composite PMI of 51.0.
Additionally, the Producer Price Index (PPI) rose more than anticipated in July, up 0.8% in the month. Compared to a year earlier, the PPI fell 2.1%. Retail Sales were up a measly 0.1% in July, while the second quarter Gross Domestic Product (GDP) was downwardly revised to 0.2% QoQ.
The European Central Bank (ECB) will announce its decision on monetary policy on Thursday, September 12, and is widely anticipated to trim the three interest rate benchmarks by 25 basis points (bps) each.
With ECB officials repeating that decisions are data-dependent, the movement has been priced in long ago. On the one hand, inflation keeps closing into the central bank’s 2% goal. On the other hand, because of tepid economic progress due to the restrictive policy, the rate cut was already priced in long ago, and what can actually affect the Euro is whatever forward guidance policymakers are willing to offer.
Beyond the ECB announcement, the EU will have little to offer. The Union will release September Sentix Investor Confidence on Monday and July Industrial Production on Friday, while Germany will publish the final estimate of the August Harmonized Index of Consumer Prices (HICP) on Tuesday.
United States employment data ahead of Fed
Speculative interest welcomed tepid United States (US) employment-related figures that fueled speculation the Federal Reserve (Fed) could deliver a 50 bps rate cut when it meets in mid-September.
The country released the ADP report on Employment Change, which showed that the private sector added 99,000 new job positions in August, well below the 145,000 anticipated. At the same time, the Challenger Job Cuts report showed that layoffs in August soared to 75,891, while year-to-date hiring reached a historic low.
More employment-related data showed that Initial Jobless Claims in the week ended August 30 hit 227K, below the 230K expected and the previous 232K. The number of job openings on the last business day of July stood at 7.67 million, according to the JOLTS Job Openings report released by the US Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). The reading was well below the 8.1 million expected.
Meanwhile, the country published the August ISM Manufacturing Purchasing Managers Index (PMI), which improved to 47.2, below the 47.5 expected. The Services PMI for the same month grew by more than anticipated, as the index hit 51.5 vs. the 51.4 posted in July and the 51.1 expected.
Finally on Friday, the US published the Nonfarm Payrolls (NFP) report, which showed that the US economy created 142,000 new jobs in August, less than the 160,000 expected. Even further, the July headline reading was downwardly revised to 89,000. The Unemployment Rate ticked down to 4.2%, as expected, while the Labor Force Participation Rate held steady at 62.7%.
The USD seesawed between gains and losses with the NFP report, as the figures were weak enough to back a Fed rate cut but not as weak as to trigger recession-related concerns. A 25-basis-point trim is the most likely scenario as US policymakers enter a blackout period ahead of the monetary policy announcement, scheduled for September 18.
The central bank is also expected to continue to allow up to $25 billion in Treasury securities and $35 billion in agency mortgage-backed securities (MBS) to mature and roll off its balance sheet per month. The balance sheet has dropped from a record high of $8.9 trillion in May 2022 to around $7.1 trillion in September, although it is still above pre-pandemic levels. Finally, the Fed will update its economic projections with a fresh view of where growth, inflation, and employment are expected to be in the next couple of years.
The US will publish the August Consumer Price Index (CPI) next Wednesday, while the Producer Price Index (PPI) for the same month will be out the following day. At the end of the week, the country will publish the preliminary estimate of the September Michigan Consumer Sentiment Index.
EUR/USD technical outlook
The EUR/USD pair weekly chart shows it holds modest gains but also posted a lower low and a lower high, which is usually a sign of upcoming weakness. At the same time, the pair is struggling to hold above a mildly bearish 200 Simple Moving Average (SMA), while the 20 and 100 SMAs maintain their bullish slopes well below the current level. Finally, technical indicators remain above their midlines, picking marginally higher, limiting the bearish potential but falling short of suggesting an upcoming advance.
The daily chart, however, shows the risk of another EUR/USD leg south has increased. Friday’s decline has put technical indicators in bearish mode as they head sharply lower within neutral levels. At the same time, the pair is putting pressure on a bullish 20 SMA. A break below the indicator should signal sellers are willing to add. Finally, the 100 SMA is crossing above the 200 SMA with a modest upward slope, both converging at around 1.0860.
The 1.1040 level provides immediate support ahead of 1.0990. Once below the latter, interim support could be found at 1.0950 ahead of the 1.0900 price zone. Resistance can be found at 1.1145, with a clear advance above the latter exposing the 1.1200 threshold.
Inflation FAQs
Inflation measures the rise in the price of a representative basket of goods and services. Headline inflation is usually expressed as a percentage change on a month-on-month (MoM) and year-on-year (YoY) basis. Core inflation excludes more volatile elements such as food and fuel which can fluctuate because of geopolitical and seasonal factors. Core inflation is the figure economists focus on and is the level targeted by central banks, which are mandated to keep inflation at a manageable level, usually around 2%.
The Consumer Price Index (CPI) measures the change in prices of a basket of goods and services over a period of time. It is usually expressed as a percentage change on a month-on-month (MoM) and year-on-year (YoY) basis. Core CPI is the figure targeted by central banks as it excludes volatile food and fuel inputs. When Core CPI rises above 2% it usually results in higher interest rates and vice versa when it falls below 2%. Since higher interest rates are positive for a currency, higher inflation usually results in a stronger currency. The opposite is true when inflation falls.
Although it may seem counter-intuitive, high inflation in a country pushes up the value of its currency and vice versa for lower inflation. This is because the central bank will normally raise interest rates to combat the higher inflation, which attract more global capital inflows from investors looking for a lucrative place to park their money.
Formerly, Gold was the asset investors turned to in times of high inflation because it preserved its value, and whilst investors will often still buy Gold for its safe-haven properties in times of extreme market turmoil, this is not the case most of the time. This is because when inflation is high, central banks will put up interest rates to combat it. Higher interest rates are negative for Gold because they increase the opportunity-cost of holding Gold vis-a-vis an interest-bearing asset or placing the money in a cash deposit account. On the flipside, lower inflation tends to be positive for Gold as it brings interest rates down, making the bright metal a more viable investment alternative.
Euro PRICE This month
The table below shows the percentage change of Euro (EUR) against listed major currencies this month. Euro was the strongest against the Australian Dollar.
| USD | EUR | GBP | JPY | CAD | AUD | NZD | CHF | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| USD | -0.23% | 0.07% | -1.77% | 0.37% | 1.42% | 0.87% | -0.50% | |
| EUR | 0.23% | 0.29% | -1.55% | 0.62% | 1.66% | 1.10% | -0.26% | |
| GBP | -0.07% | -0.29% | -1.82% | 0.33% | 1.37% | 0.81% | -0.61% | |
| JPY | 1.77% | 1.55% | 1.82% | 2.24% | 3.27% | 2.72% | 1.30% | |
| CAD | -0.37% | -0.62% | -0.33% | -2.24% | 1.02% | 0.50% | -0.91% | |
| AUD | -1.42% | -1.66% | -1.37% | -3.27% | -1.02% | -0.54% | -1.87% | |
| NZD | -0.87% | -1.10% | -0.81% | -2.72% | -0.50% | 0.54% | -1.38% | |
| CHF | 0.50% | 0.26% | 0.61% | -1.30% | 0.91% | 1.87% | 1.38% |
The heat map shows percentage changes of major currencies against each other. The base currency is picked from the left column, while the quote currency is picked from the top row. For example, if you pick the Euro from the left column and move along the horizontal line to the US Dollar, the percentage change displayed in the box will represent EUR (base)/USD (quote).
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