Tiff Macklem speaks on policy outlook after BoC leaves policy rate unchanged at 5%
|Tiff Macklem, Governor of the Bank of Canada (BoC), explains the BoC decision to leave the interest rate unchanged at 5% after the October policy meeting and responds to questions from the press.
BoC press conference key quotes
"Overall, inflationary risks have increased since July; inflation is on a higher path than we expected."
"We held policy rate steady because we want to allow monetary policy time to cool economy and relieve price pressure."
"Indicators of balance between demand and supply are mixed; demand pressures have eased more quickly than we forecast in July."
"Canadian Dollar has been reasonably stable."
"We're not getting the direct effect of an appreciation to lower import inflation. So, that does mean we have got to rely more on the interest rate."
"Could certainly be two or three quarters of small negative growth."
"Not predicting a deep recession with a steep contraction and major job cuts."
"Now is not the time to discuss an interest rate cut."
This section below was published at 14:00 GMT to cover the Bank of Canada's policy announcements and the immediate market reaction.
The Bank of Canada (BoC) announced on Wednesday that it left the benchmark interest rate unchanged at 5% following the October policy meeting. This decision came in line with the market expectation. BoC Governor Tiff Macklem will explain the policy decisions and comment on the policy outlook in a press conference starting at 15:00 GMT.
In its policy statement, the BoC noted that it is concerned that progress toward price stability is slow and added that inflationary risks have increased.
Market reaction to BoC rate decision
Despite the BoC's hawkish tone, USD/CAD gathered bullish momentum with the immediate reaction and was last seen trading at its highest level since March near 1.3800, rising 0.4% on the day.
Key takeaways from BoC rate statement
"Prepared to raise policy rate further if needed."
"There is growing evidence in Canada that past rate hikes are dampening economic activity and relieving price pressures."
"Bank's preferred measures of core inflation show little downward momentum; BoC wants to see downward momentum in core inflation."
"Canadian labor market remains on tight side and wage pressures persist."
"Near-term inflation and corporate pricing behavior are normalizing only gradually, wages are still growing around 4% to 5%."
"Higher rates are moderating inflation in many goods that people buy on credit and this is spreading to services."
"In addition to elevated mortgage interest costs, inflation in rent and other housing costs remains high."
"Range of indicators suggests supply and demand in economy are now approaching balance."
"Focused on balance between supply and demand, inflation expectations, wage growth and corporate pricing behavior."
"With underlying inflation persisting, central banks continue to be vigilant; Israel/Gaza war is a new source of geopolitical uncertainty."
BoC projections
"2023 growth forecast revised down to 1.2% (vs 1.8% in July), 0.9% in 2024 (vs 1.2%), 2.5% in 2025 (vs 2.4%)."
"Annualized Q3 GDP seen at 0.8% (vs 1.5% in July), Q4 0.8%."
"Inflation to average 3.9% in 2023 (vs 3.7% in July), 3.0% in 2024 (vs 2.5%), 2.2% in 2025 (vs 2.1%)."
"Overall progress towards lower inflation has been slower than anticipated."
"Economy projected to move into modest excess supply in Q4 2023, and excess supply increases through most of 2024."
"Q3 output gap estimated to be between -0.75% and 0.25%; potential output growth expected to increase to about 2% through 2025 from 1.6% in 2022."
Canadian Dollar price today
The table below shows the percentage change of Canadian Dollar (CAD) against listed major currencies today. Canadian Dollar was the weakest against the US Dollar.
| USD | EUR | GBP | CAD | AUD | JPY | NZD | CHF | |
| USD | 0.22% | 0.28% | 0.20% | 0.42% | 0.05% | 0.54% | 0.23% | |
| EUR | -0.23% | 0.05% | -0.03% | 0.21% | -0.17% | 0.32% | 0.00% | |
| GBP | -0.27% | -0.06% | -0.08% | 0.14% | -0.23% | 0.25% | -0.05% | |
| CAD | -0.20% | 0.03% | 0.08% | 0.24% | -0.14% | 0.34% | 0.03% | |
| AUD | -0.42% | -0.20% | -0.14% | -0.22% | -0.37% | 0.11% | -0.19% | |
| JPY | -0.05% | 0.18% | 0.23% | 0.13% | 0.36% | 0.49% | 0.17% | |
| NZD | -0.51% | -0.29% | -0.23% | -0.34% | -0.09% | -0.48% | -0.29% | |
| CHF | -0.23% | -0.01% | 0.05% | -0.03% | 0.19% | -0.18% | 0.30% |
The heat map shows percentage changes of major currencies against each other. The base currency is picked from the left column, while the quote currency is picked from the top row. For example, if you pick the Euro from the left column and move along the horizontal line to the Japanese Yen, the percentage change displayed in the box will represent EUR (base)/JPY (quote).
This section below was published as a preview of the Bank of Canada's monetary policy decisions at 08:00 GMT.
- The Bank of Canada is forecast to leave the policy rate unchanged at 5.0% on Wednesday.
- BoC policymakers are expected to keep the interest rate steady until the end of the year.
- BoC projections could ramp up volatility around the Canadian Dollar.
The Bank of Canada (BoC) is widely expected to leave its policy rate unchanged at 5% for the second consecutive time on Wednesday, when it concludes the October policy meeting. The Canadian Dollar (CAD) has been steadily weakening against the US Dollar (USD) since the BoC’s last rate increase in July, with the USD/CAD pair gaining nearly 4% since the beginning of August.
The BoC’s latest Business Outlook Survey (BoS), published on October 16, showed that more than 70% of firms across a broad range of sectors said that higher interest rates were negatively affecting them.
“Consumers’ perceptions of current inflation remain elevated and are leading to persistently high expectations for inflation over the next 12 months,” the BoC noted in the Canadian Survey of Consumer Expectations released alongside the BoS. “Consumers’ expectations for interest rates one year from now also remain high. Many people think increases in interest rates are raising the cost of living and keeping inflation high,” the publication read.
Bank of Canada interest rate expectations: Steady policy as inflation slows
Inflation in Canada, as measured by the change in the Consumer Price Index (CPI), declined to 3.8% on a yearly basis in September from 4% in August, Statistics Canada reported earlier in the month. The Core CPI, which excludes volatile food and energy prices, rose 2.8% in the same period, at a softer pace than the 3.3% increase recorded in August.
Commenting on inflation developments, Bank of Canada Governor Tiff Macklem said on Friday that they were concerned because they were not really seeing a downward momentum in inflation. "When Governing Council next meets, it will focus on whether to stick with its 5% rate or if more action is needed to restore price stability,” Macklem added.
After leaving the policy rate unchanged at 5% in September, the BoC said it is prepared to raise rates again if needed, citing concerns over the persistence of underlying inflationary pressures.
The BoC is unlikely to go against market expectations and raise the interest rate. Almost all analysts polled by Reuters (29 of 32) said that they forecast the BoC to hold the policy rate steady at 5%. Policymakers are likely to see growing signs of cooling in the housing market and the overall economic activity as a reason to stay on the sidelines and wait for more data. According to the Canadian Real Estate Association, national home sales declined by 1.9% month-over-month in September, marking the third consecutive contraction. Meanwhile, real Gross Domestic Product stagnated in July, following the 0.2% monthly contraction recorded in June.
Nevertheless, inflation remains the primary concern for the BoC and it wouldn’t be surprising to see the bank leaving additional policy tightening on the table for future meetings. Revisions to inflation and growth forecasts will also be scrutinized by market participants.
Economists at the National Bank of Canada think there is room for a hawkish surprise:
“In light of recent data, we expect the Bank of Canada to leave its overnight target unchanged for the second consecutive meeting on Wednesday. Saying that, there remain some problematic elements of the inflation outlook that might argue for additional tightening and as such, we’d caution that this is not an open-and-shut decision.”
“At a minimum, policymakers will leave the door open to further tightening via an explicit threat to hike further. That hiking bias will likely remain until more durable progress on inflation is made. Wednesday’s rate statement will be published alongside an updated Monetary Policy Report. Here you’ll see a material downgrade to the GDP trajectory and an inflation profile that will need to be marked up to reflect stronger-than-expected price pressures in the summer.”
When will the BoC release its monetary policy decision and how could it affect USD/CAD?
The Bank of Canada will announce its policy decision at 14:00 GMT. The policy decisions will be accompanied by the central bank’s updated forecasts and there will be a press conference by Governor Tiff Macklem following the release of the policy statement.
A hawkish policy hold could help the CAD gather strength against the USD with the immediate reaction and trigger a downward correction in USD/CAD. In this scenario, whether the pair starts a steady downtrend will largely depend on the USD’s valuation.
An unexpected 25 bps rate hike is likely to fuel a CAD rally and cause the pair to fall sharply. The least likely scenario is a dovish surprise, with the BoC removing the reference about readiness to raise the policy rate again from the statement. If that were to materialize, USD/CAD could gather bullish momentum and extend its uptrend.
Eren Sengezer, European Session Lead Analyst at FXStreet, offers a brief technical outlook for the USD/CAD pair and writes: “The Relative Strength Index (RSI) indicator on the daily chart holds comfortably above 50, reflecting the lack of seller interest. On the upside, 1.3800 (static level, psychological level) aligns as first resistance. With a daily close above this level, USD/CAD can extend its uptrend and face interim resistance at 1.3860 (March 10 high) before targeting 1.3980 (October 13, 2022, high). Looking south, the 50-day Simple Moving Average (SMA) forms dynamic support at 1.3600 before 1.3500-1.3480 (psychological level, 200-day SMA).”
Central banks FAQs
What does a central bank do?
Central Banks have a key mandate which is making sure that there is price stability in a country or region. Economies are constantly facing inflation or deflation when prices for certain goods and services are fluctuating. Constant rising prices for the same goods means inflation, constant lowered prices for the same goods means deflation. It is the task of the central bank to keep the demand in line by tweaking its policy rate. For the biggest central banks like the US Federal Reserve (Fed), the European Central Bank (ECB) or the Bank of England (BoE), the mandate is to keep inflation close to 2%.
What does a central bank do when inflation undershoots or overshoots its projected target?
A central bank has one important tool at its disposal to get inflation higher or lower, and that is by tweaking its benchmark policy rate, commonly known as interest rate. On pre-communicated moments, the central bank will issue a statement with its policy rate and provide additional reasoning on why it is either remaining or changing (cutting or hiking) it. Local banks will adjust their savings and lending rates accordingly, which in turn will make it either harder or easier for people to earn on their savings or for companies to take out loans and make investments in their businesses. When the central bank hikes interest rates substantially, this is called monetary tightening. When it is cutting its benchmark rate, it is called monetary easing.
Who decides on monetary policy and interest rates?
A central bank is often politically independent. Members of the central bank policy board are passing through a series of panels and hearings before being appointed to a policy board seat. Each member in that board often has a certain conviction on how the central bank should control inflation and the subsequent monetary policy. Members that want a very loose monetary policy, with low rates and cheap lending, to boost the economy substantially while being content to see inflation slightly above 2%, are called ‘doves’. Members that rather want to see higher rates to reward savings and want to keep a lit on inflation at all time are called ‘hawks’ and will not rest until inflation is at or just below 2%.
Is there a president or head of a central bank?
Normally, there is a chairman or president who leads each meeting, needs to create a consensus between the hawks or doves and has his or her final say when it would come down to a vote split to avoid a 50-50 tie on whether the current policy should be adjusted. The chairman will deliver speeches which often can be followed live, where the current monetary stance and outlook is being communicated. A central bank will try to push forward its monetary policy without triggering violent swings in rates, equities, or its currency. All members of the central bank will channel their stance toward the markets in advance of a policy meeting event. A few days before a policy meeting takes place until the new policy has been communicated, members are forbidden to talk publicly. This is called the blackout period.
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