US Dollar Weekly Forecast: It’s alive!
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UPGRADE- US Dollar Index advances to multi-week highs past 102.00.
- A soft landing of the US economy remains well on the cards.
- Solid NFP figures push back bets for a 50 bps rate cut.
It was a stellar week for the US Dollar (USD).
The Greenback, as tracked by the US Dollar Index (DXY), managed to rise for the fifth consecutive day on Friday, marking its first such streak since April. Furthermore, the index reversed four straight weeks of declines, which had included a dip below the critical 200-week SMA at 100.56, and surged to new two-month highs, comfortably surpassing the 102.00 level.
Like we inferred last week, it was not game over for the US Dollar after the Federal Reserve (Fed) unexpectedly reduced its interest rates by a half-percentage point at its gathering on September 18.
Several factors seem to justify the US Dollar’s outperformance this week: increasing inflows into the safe haven universe in the wake of Iran’s missile attack on Israel, shrinking bets of another jumbo rate cut at any of the next couple of Fed meetings, Chair Jerome Powell’s hawkish message in Nashville, and the robust US labour market report for the month of September.
Meanwhile, a glance at the Dollar’s recent price action unveils quite a solid contention zone around the psychological 100.00 level, while the next significant target on the upside emerges at the critical 200-day Simple Moving Average (SMA).
Geopolitics pushes markets toward risk-averse stance
The US Dollar gained additional momentum as global markets shifted toward risk aversion this week following Iran’s missile strike on Israel on October 1. This event caused a surge in volatility, reaching levels not seen since mid-September, as indicated by the VIX index (commonly known as the "panic index").
The flight-to-safety response further bolstered the already strong demand for the Greenback, while simultaneously putting significant pressure on risk-sensitive assets.
Another jumbo rate cut? Not likely
After the unexpected 50-basis-point rate cut in September, market participants are now focusing on the performance of the US economy to better assess the likelihood of further rate reductions. This view was also reinforced by the Fed after it shifted its attention to the labour market amidst a sustained downward path of inflation toward the 2% goal.
Fed Chair Jerome Powell argued on September 30 that the US economy seems poised for a further decline in inflation, potentially allowing the central bank to further lower its benchmark interest rate and ultimately achieve a neutral level that doesn't restrict economic growth. Furthermore, Powell suggested that reductions in the interest rate level of 25 basis points at each meeting would be some kind of standard move.
However, not everyone at the FOMC seems to agree. On this, Governor Michelle Bowman recently emphasized the need for caution as key inflation measures remain above the 2% core target, suggesting it may be time for the Fed to adjust its monetary policy.
In the same line, Richmond Federal Reserve President Thomas Barkin mentioned on Wednesday that the central bank's efforts to return inflation to its 2% target may take longer than expected, potentially constraining the degree to which interest rates can be lowered.
Bolstering the view that another significant rate cut is a long shot, September's Nonfarm Payrolls exceeded expectations, with the US economy adding 254K jobs and the Unemployment Rate dropping to 4.1%.
After the release of Friday’s US labour market report, CME Group's FedWatch Tool now estimates a 95% probability of a quarter-point rate cut in November, up sharply from nearly 45% just a week earlier.
Global outlook: Are interest rates headed up or down?
The Eurozone, Japan, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom are experiencing increasing deflationary pressures, with economic activity following a volatile trajectory.
In response, the European Central Bank (ECB) implemented its second interest rate cut earlier this month and has adopted a cautious outlook on further actions for October. Although ECB policymakers have not confirmed additional cuts, markets are anticipating two more reductions before year-end. Similarly, the Swiss National Bank (SNB) lowered its rates by another 25 basis points this month.
The Bank of England (BoE) recently held its policy rate steady at 5.00%, citing persistent inflation, high service sector prices, strong consumer spending and stable GDP data as factors in its decision.
Meanwhile, the Reserve Bank of Australia (RBA) kept rates unchanged at its September 24 meeting but maintained a hawkish tone in subsequent remarks, with analysts predicting potential easing by year-end or early 2025.
The Bank of Japan (BoJ), at its September 20 meeting, retained its dovish stance, and money markets are expecting only a modest tightening of 25 basis points over the next 12 months.
At the crossroads: The influence of politics on economics
As the November 5 election nears, recent polls indicate a close contest between Vice President Kamala Harris, the Democratic Party's presidential candidate, and Republican challenger and former President Donald Trump.
A Trump victory could result in the reinstatement of tariffs, which might disrupt or reverse the current disinflationary trend in the US economy, potentially shortening the timeline for Fed rate cuts.
Conversely, some analysts suggest that a Harris administration could pursue higher taxes and may pressure the Fed to ease monetary policy, particularly if signs of an economic slowdown begin to surface.
What’s up next week?
The key event on the US calendar next week will be the release of the FOMC Minutes from the September 17-18 meeting, followed closely by the publication of September's inflation data, as measured by the Consumer Price Index (CPI).
Additionally, a series of scheduled speeches from Fed officials is expected to keep investors focused on the potential interest rate trajectory for the rest of the year.
Techs on the US Dollar Index
Following the sharp advance of the US Dollar Index (DXY) in past days, the main target now emerges at the critical 200-day Simple Moving Average (SMA) at 103.73.
Despite the downward trend in DXY mitigating this week, there is still a strong support level at its year-to-date (YTD) low of 100.15 (September 27). Further bouts of selling pressure could trigger a move to the psychological 100.00 mark, with a potential retest of the 2023 low at 99.57 (July 14) emerging on a breach of that level.
On the upside, the continuation of the ongoing recovery is expected to meet the next hurdle at the provisional 100-day SMA at 103.35, prior to the pivotal 200-day SMA. The surpass of this region could open the door to a potential visit to the weekly peak of 104.79 (July 30).
Additionally, the Relative Strength Index (RSI) on the daily chart surged past the 63 level, hinting at the idea that further gains could still be in the pipeline in the short-term horizon. Meanwhile, the Average Directional Index (ADX) eased to around 33, signalling some loss of momentum for the current trend.
Nonfarm Payrolls FAQs
Nonfarm Payrolls (NFP) are part of the US Bureau of Labor Statistics monthly jobs report. The Nonfarm Payrolls component specifically measures the change in the number of people employed in the US during the previous month, excluding the farming industry.
The Nonfarm Payrolls figure can influence the decisions of the Federal Reserve by providing a measure of how successfully the Fed is meeting its mandate of fostering full employment and 2% inflation. A relatively high NFP figure means more people are in employment, earning more money and therefore probably spending more. A relatively low Nonfarm Payrolls’ result, on the either hand, could mean people are struggling to find work. The Fed will typically raise interest rates to combat high inflation triggered by low unemployment, and lower them to stimulate a stagnant labor market.
Nonfarm Payrolls generally have a positive correlation with the US Dollar. This means when payrolls’ figures come out higher-than-expected the USD tends to rally and vice versa when they are lower. NFPs influence the US Dollar by virtue of their impact on inflation, monetary policy expectations and interest rates. A higher NFP usually means the Federal Reserve will be more tight in its monetary policy, supporting the USD.
Nonfarm Payrolls are generally negatively-correlated with the price of Gold. This means a higher-than-expected payrolls’ figure will have a depressing effect on the Gold price and vice versa. Higher NFP generally has a positive effect on the value of the USD, and like most major commodities Gold is priced in US Dollars. If the USD gains in value, therefore, it requires less Dollars to buy an ounce of Gold. Also, higher interest rates (typically helped higher NFPs) also lessen the attractiveness of Gold as an investment compared to staying in cash, where the money will at least earn interest.
Nonfarm Payrolls is only one component within a bigger jobs report and it can be overshadowed by the other components. At times, when NFP come out higher-than-forecast, but the Average Weekly Earnings is lower than expected, the market has ignored the potentially inflationary effect of the headline result and interpreted the fall in earnings as deflationary. The Participation Rate and the Average Weekly Hours components can also influence the market reaction, but only in seldom events like the “Great Resignation” or the Global Financial Crisis.
Fed FAQs
Monetary policy in the US is shaped by the Federal Reserve (Fed). The Fed has two mandates: to achieve price stability and foster full employment. Its primary tool to achieve these goals is by adjusting interest rates. When prices are rising too quickly and inflation is above the Fed’s 2% target, it raises interest rates, increasing borrowing costs throughout the economy. This results in a stronger US Dollar (USD) as it makes the US a more attractive place for international investors to park their money. When inflation falls below 2% or the Unemployment Rate is too high, the Fed may lower interest rates to encourage borrowing, which weighs on the Greenback.
The Federal Reserve (Fed) holds eight policy meetings a year, where the Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) assesses economic conditions and makes monetary policy decisions. The FOMC is attended by twelve Fed officials – the seven members of the Board of Governors, the president of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York, and four of the remaining eleven regional Reserve Bank presidents, who serve one-year terms on a rotating basis.
In extreme situations, the Federal Reserve may resort to a policy named Quantitative Easing (QE). QE is the process by which the Fed substantially increases the flow of credit in a stuck financial system. It is a non-standard policy measure used during crises or when inflation is extremely low. It was the Fed’s weapon of choice during the Great Financial Crisis in 2008. It involves the Fed printing more Dollars and using them to buy high grade bonds from financial institutions. QE usually weakens the US Dollar.
Quantitative tightening (QT) is the reverse process of QE, whereby the Federal Reserve stops buying bonds from financial institutions and does not reinvest the principal from the bonds it holds maturing, to purchase new bonds. It is usually positive for the value of the US Dollar.
- US Dollar Index advances to multi-week highs past 102.00.
- A soft landing of the US economy remains well on the cards.
- Solid NFP figures push back bets for a 50 bps rate cut.
It was a stellar week for the US Dollar (USD).
The Greenback, as tracked by the US Dollar Index (DXY), managed to rise for the fifth consecutive day on Friday, marking its first such streak since April. Furthermore, the index reversed four straight weeks of declines, which had included a dip below the critical 200-week SMA at 100.56, and surged to new two-month highs, comfortably surpassing the 102.00 level.
Like we inferred last week, it was not game over for the US Dollar after the Federal Reserve (Fed) unexpectedly reduced its interest rates by a half-percentage point at its gathering on September 18.
Several factors seem to justify the US Dollar’s outperformance this week: increasing inflows into the safe haven universe in the wake of Iran’s missile attack on Israel, shrinking bets of another jumbo rate cut at any of the next couple of Fed meetings, Chair Jerome Powell’s hawkish message in Nashville, and the robust US labour market report for the month of September.
Meanwhile, a glance at the Dollar’s recent price action unveils quite a solid contention zone around the psychological 100.00 level, while the next significant target on the upside emerges at the critical 200-day Simple Moving Average (SMA).
Geopolitics pushes markets toward risk-averse stance
The US Dollar gained additional momentum as global markets shifted toward risk aversion this week following Iran’s missile strike on Israel on October 1. This event caused a surge in volatility, reaching levels not seen since mid-September, as indicated by the VIX index (commonly known as the "panic index").
The flight-to-safety response further bolstered the already strong demand for the Greenback, while simultaneously putting significant pressure on risk-sensitive assets.
Another jumbo rate cut? Not likely
After the unexpected 50-basis-point rate cut in September, market participants are now focusing on the performance of the US economy to better assess the likelihood of further rate reductions. This view was also reinforced by the Fed after it shifted its attention to the labour market amidst a sustained downward path of inflation toward the 2% goal.
Fed Chair Jerome Powell argued on September 30 that the US economy seems poised for a further decline in inflation, potentially allowing the central bank to further lower its benchmark interest rate and ultimately achieve a neutral level that doesn't restrict economic growth. Furthermore, Powell suggested that reductions in the interest rate level of 25 basis points at each meeting would be some kind of standard move.
However, not everyone at the FOMC seems to agree. On this, Governor Michelle Bowman recently emphasized the need for caution as key inflation measures remain above the 2% core target, suggesting it may be time for the Fed to adjust its monetary policy.
In the same line, Richmond Federal Reserve President Thomas Barkin mentioned on Wednesday that the central bank's efforts to return inflation to its 2% target may take longer than expected, potentially constraining the degree to which interest rates can be lowered.
Bolstering the view that another significant rate cut is a long shot, September's Nonfarm Payrolls exceeded expectations, with the US economy adding 254K jobs and the Unemployment Rate dropping to 4.1%.
After the release of Friday’s US labour market report, CME Group's FedWatch Tool now estimates a 95% probability of a quarter-point rate cut in November, up sharply from nearly 45% just a week earlier.
Global outlook: Are interest rates headed up or down?
The Eurozone, Japan, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom are experiencing increasing deflationary pressures, with economic activity following a volatile trajectory.
In response, the European Central Bank (ECB) implemented its second interest rate cut earlier this month and has adopted a cautious outlook on further actions for October. Although ECB policymakers have not confirmed additional cuts, markets are anticipating two more reductions before year-end. Similarly, the Swiss National Bank (SNB) lowered its rates by another 25 basis points this month.
The Bank of England (BoE) recently held its policy rate steady at 5.00%, citing persistent inflation, high service sector prices, strong consumer spending and stable GDP data as factors in its decision.
Meanwhile, the Reserve Bank of Australia (RBA) kept rates unchanged at its September 24 meeting but maintained a hawkish tone in subsequent remarks, with analysts predicting potential easing by year-end or early 2025.
The Bank of Japan (BoJ), at its September 20 meeting, retained its dovish stance, and money markets are expecting only a modest tightening of 25 basis points over the next 12 months.
At the crossroads: The influence of politics on economics
As the November 5 election nears, recent polls indicate a close contest between Vice President Kamala Harris, the Democratic Party's presidential candidate, and Republican challenger and former President Donald Trump.
A Trump victory could result in the reinstatement of tariffs, which might disrupt or reverse the current disinflationary trend in the US economy, potentially shortening the timeline for Fed rate cuts.
Conversely, some analysts suggest that a Harris administration could pursue higher taxes and may pressure the Fed to ease monetary policy, particularly if signs of an economic slowdown begin to surface.
What’s up next week?
The key event on the US calendar next week will be the release of the FOMC Minutes from the September 17-18 meeting, followed closely by the publication of September's inflation data, as measured by the Consumer Price Index (CPI).
Additionally, a series of scheduled speeches from Fed officials is expected to keep investors focused on the potential interest rate trajectory for the rest of the year.
Techs on the US Dollar Index
Following the sharp advance of the US Dollar Index (DXY) in past days, the main target now emerges at the critical 200-day Simple Moving Average (SMA) at 103.73.
Despite the downward trend in DXY mitigating this week, there is still a strong support level at its year-to-date (YTD) low of 100.15 (September 27). Further bouts of selling pressure could trigger a move to the psychological 100.00 mark, with a potential retest of the 2023 low at 99.57 (July 14) emerging on a breach of that level.
On the upside, the continuation of the ongoing recovery is expected to meet the next hurdle at the provisional 100-day SMA at 103.35, prior to the pivotal 200-day SMA. The surpass of this region could open the door to a potential visit to the weekly peak of 104.79 (July 30).
Additionally, the Relative Strength Index (RSI) on the daily chart surged past the 63 level, hinting at the idea that further gains could still be in the pipeline in the short-term horizon. Meanwhile, the Average Directional Index (ADX) eased to around 33, signalling some loss of momentum for the current trend.
Nonfarm Payrolls FAQs
Nonfarm Payrolls (NFP) are part of the US Bureau of Labor Statistics monthly jobs report. The Nonfarm Payrolls component specifically measures the change in the number of people employed in the US during the previous month, excluding the farming industry.
The Nonfarm Payrolls figure can influence the decisions of the Federal Reserve by providing a measure of how successfully the Fed is meeting its mandate of fostering full employment and 2% inflation. A relatively high NFP figure means more people are in employment, earning more money and therefore probably spending more. A relatively low Nonfarm Payrolls’ result, on the either hand, could mean people are struggling to find work. The Fed will typically raise interest rates to combat high inflation triggered by low unemployment, and lower them to stimulate a stagnant labor market.
Nonfarm Payrolls generally have a positive correlation with the US Dollar. This means when payrolls’ figures come out higher-than-expected the USD tends to rally and vice versa when they are lower. NFPs influence the US Dollar by virtue of their impact on inflation, monetary policy expectations and interest rates. A higher NFP usually means the Federal Reserve will be more tight in its monetary policy, supporting the USD.
Nonfarm Payrolls are generally negatively-correlated with the price of Gold. This means a higher-than-expected payrolls’ figure will have a depressing effect on the Gold price and vice versa. Higher NFP generally has a positive effect on the value of the USD, and like most major commodities Gold is priced in US Dollars. If the USD gains in value, therefore, it requires less Dollars to buy an ounce of Gold. Also, higher interest rates (typically helped higher NFPs) also lessen the attractiveness of Gold as an investment compared to staying in cash, where the money will at least earn interest.
Nonfarm Payrolls is only one component within a bigger jobs report and it can be overshadowed by the other components. At times, when NFP come out higher-than-forecast, but the Average Weekly Earnings is lower than expected, the market has ignored the potentially inflationary effect of the headline result and interpreted the fall in earnings as deflationary. The Participation Rate and the Average Weekly Hours components can also influence the market reaction, but only in seldom events like the “Great Resignation” or the Global Financial Crisis.
Fed FAQs
Monetary policy in the US is shaped by the Federal Reserve (Fed). The Fed has two mandates: to achieve price stability and foster full employment. Its primary tool to achieve these goals is by adjusting interest rates. When prices are rising too quickly and inflation is above the Fed’s 2% target, it raises interest rates, increasing borrowing costs throughout the economy. This results in a stronger US Dollar (USD) as it makes the US a more attractive place for international investors to park their money. When inflation falls below 2% or the Unemployment Rate is too high, the Fed may lower interest rates to encourage borrowing, which weighs on the Greenback.
The Federal Reserve (Fed) holds eight policy meetings a year, where the Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) assesses economic conditions and makes monetary policy decisions. The FOMC is attended by twelve Fed officials – the seven members of the Board of Governors, the president of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York, and four of the remaining eleven regional Reserve Bank presidents, who serve one-year terms on a rotating basis.
In extreme situations, the Federal Reserve may resort to a policy named Quantitative Easing (QE). QE is the process by which the Fed substantially increases the flow of credit in a stuck financial system. It is a non-standard policy measure used during crises or when inflation is extremely low. It was the Fed’s weapon of choice during the Great Financial Crisis in 2008. It involves the Fed printing more Dollars and using them to buy high grade bonds from financial institutions. QE usually weakens the US Dollar.
Quantitative tightening (QT) is the reverse process of QE, whereby the Federal Reserve stops buying bonds from financial institutions and does not reinvest the principal from the bonds it holds maturing, to purchase new bonds. It is usually positive for the value of the US Dollar.
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